Effects of capillary forces on the global thinning of copper metallization under electromigration stress
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The global thinning of copper interconnections is modeled via the shape evolution of voids located at the copper/dielectric interface under electromigration stress conditions. The model includes the instabilities driven by both capillary and electron wind forces, and employs an axisymetric 3D finite difference numerical method, combined with the boundary element method, for solving the electrostatic problem. With zero electric field or with small fields applied, a large void experiences a capillary instability which leads to open circuit failure. As the electric field becomes larger, the numerical solution predicts that the growth of this instability is suppressed and the void shape stabilizes. Thus, for a typical electromigration stress condition, a large copper void elongates its shape along the interface parallel to the electric field, suggesting a mechanism for the delayed open circuit failure observed in copper metallization systems.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it