Low power direct digital frequency synthesizers in 0.18 μm CMOS
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Two low-power sine-output direct digital frequency synthesizers have been fabricated in 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS, tested and characterized. The first IC has a 16-bit phase accumulator and it generates a single phase sinusoidal digital sequence with 60 dBc of spurious free dynamic range. Core power consumption is as low as 15 /spl mu/W/MHz. The second IC has a 32-bit phase accumulator and it generates quadrature sinusoidal digital sequences with 84 dBc of spurious free dynamic range. Its core consumes as little as 220 /spl mu/W/MHz. Both ICs employ an efficient linear interpolation scheme for sinusoidal functions, developed by the authors.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it