Fall of the Rocket: Steroids in Baseball and the Case Against Roger Clemens
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Athletes who are chemically propelled to victory do not merely overvalue winning, they misunderstand why winning is properly valued .... Drugs that make sport exotic, by radical intrusions into the body, drain sport of its exemplary power by making it a display of chemistry rather than character.In fact, it becomes a display of some chemists' virtuosity and some athletes' bad character.-George F. Will 1 On February 13, 2008, Roger Clemens (Clemens) traveled to Capitol Hill to clear his name.A seven-time Cy Young Award-winning pitcher for the Boston Red Sox, Toronto Blue Jays, New York Yankees, and Houston Astros, "the Rocket" had come to the end of his career, but only the beginning of his legal and media troubles.In December 2007, Clemens's trainer, Brian McNamee (McNamee), had implicated his former employer as a steroids user in the "Mitchell Report," the definitive account of the proliferation of performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs) in Major League Baseball (MLB). 2 After facing two months of intense media scrutiny, Clemens traveled to the Hill to testify before the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform (the "Committee") that he had never used PEDs.Barrel-chested and balding, the Clemens who testified in the Rayburn Building that day barely resembled the lithe pitching phenom who had entered
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".