La Restructuration Recente Des Politiques Sociales Au Canada et Au Quebec: Elements D'analyse
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Since the mid-1990’s, Canada and Quebec have initiated important changes to their system of social protection; the objectives of the reforms were to control public expenditure or attain zero deficit, improve the efficiency of social policies, particularly in relation to employment incentives, and guarantee acceptable living conditions. Such objectives were conveyed by a restructuring of several social protection mechanisms, achieved by reconfiguring protection parameters and activating the same social expenditure. To understand this restructuring, the article analyses the changes introduced in certain income security mechanisms including unemployment insurance, universal family allowance and welfare, at both the Federal and Quebec levels. To explain this approach, the paper is divided into three parts: the first on the reconfiguration of each mechanism, the second on the activation of social expenditure and the third introducing the elements of analysis towards this recent restructuring of social policies. The subject matter is dominated by a fundamental question, that of knowing whether the reforms convey a neo-liberal change of policy in the disengagement of the state and erosion of social rights or whether they convey a reorganization, a modification of the framework as a result of change of paradigm or reference in a socially active state or as a form of social investment. Resumes Le Canada et le Quebec ont procede, depuis le milieu des annees 1990, a des changements importants de leur systeme de protection sociale ; les objectifs vises par ces reformes ont ete de controler les depenses publiques ou d’atteindre le deficit zero, d’augmenter l’efficacite des politiques sociales, en particulier par rapport a l’incitation a l’emploi, et de garantir des conditions de vie convenables. Ceci s’est traduit par une restructuration de plusieurs dispositifs de protection sociale qui s’est realisee par la reconfiguration des parametres de protection et par l’activation de ces memes depenses sociales. Pour comprendre cette restructuration, cet article analyse les changements introduits dans certains dispositifs de securite du revenu que sont le dispositif de l’assurance chomage, le regime universel des allocations familiales et le systeme d’assistance sociale, tant au niveau federal que quebecois. Pour rendre compte de cette demarche, le texte a ete divise en trois parties : la premiere porte sur la reconfiguration de chacun des dispositifs, la deuxieme sur l’activation des depenses sociales et la troisieme introduit des elements d’analyse vis-a-vis cette restructuration recente des politiques sociales. Le texte est traverse par une question, celle de savoir si ces reformes traduisent un virage neo-liberal dans le sens d’un desengagement de l’Etat et d’une erosion des droits sociaux ou s’il vaut mieux plutot y voir une reorganisation, une modification de son architecture, traduisant un changement de paradigme ou de referentiel dans le sens d’un Etat social actif ou d’investissement social.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".