“Thinking like a River”: The Making of Hugh MacLennan’s Environmental Consciousness
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hugh MacLennan (1907-90), although most often identified with themes of Canadian cultural dualism and Maritime regional identity, contributed to the growing chorus of environmental concern that emerged between the 1960s and 1970s. Two collections of essays, Seven Rivers of Canada (1961) and Rivers of Canada (1974), best demonstrate this interest. In the 13 years between the publication of the first and second volumes, MacLennan’s environmental consciousness was awakened. A distinct change of tone appears in the 1974 collection. Here, he moved from a glorification of the “heroic” age of exploration that occupied his attention in Seven Rivers of Canada to an urgency to protect Canadian rivers from pollution and damming. This epiphany is best exemplified by his insistence that Canadians must begin to “think like a river” if they were to understand the span of time and space involved in the national experience.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.029 | 0.061 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.012 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".