Colon perforation during percutaneous nephrolithotomy and fistula closure with Spongostan following conservative therapy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is the first-line treatment for kidney stones. Colon perforation is a rare, but dangerous, complication. Colonic perforation might be very serious if it is not found early. After an unsuccessful extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy, a 45-year-old female underwent a left-sided PCNL for two 1-cm kidney stones in the left kidney upper pole calyx. During dilatation, a colon perforation was suspected. The procedure was finished by inserting a 14Fr re-entry catheter into the colon. On postoperative day 5, a fluoroscopy was performed by injecting contrast dye through the re-entry catheter, which showed a fistula formation between skin and colon. The catheter was removed completely. A 16Fr external drainage catheter was inserted over the guide-wire through the fistula tract. The fistula was closed by introducing prepared absorbable hemostatic gelatin powder (Spongostan) particles into the fistula tract through the catheter. Fistula tracks can be closed early by injecting absorbable Spongostan particles into the colonic fistula tract, thereby reducing inpatient time and increasing patient comfort.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".