Distribution and fate of energetics on DoD test and training ranges : interim report 5
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sustainment of training to maintain the readiness of our armed forces requires stewardship of human health and the environment. The objective of this project, initiated in FYOO and planned for completion in FYO5, was to determine the potential for environmental contamination from residues of energetic materials on ranges. This report describes accomplishments for FYO2. A U.S. and a Canadian site were characterized for explosives residues resulting from live-fire soldier training: Fort Bliss, Texas, and Canadian Forces Base (CFB), Shilo, Manitoba. Results are also reported on tests to determine residues associated with open detonations and low-order detonations and tests to define environmental fate and transport process descriptors. Results of intensive sampling at Fort Bliss indicated that judgmental sampling targeting low-order residues and firing points is superior to grid sampling for identifying potential point sources of contamination over the typically large training range areas. Furthermore, composite sampling offers the best opportunity of capturing a realistic concentration under the conditions of extreme heterogeneity. Results of open detonations tests confirmed that the use of C4 generates significant explosives residuals. In low-order detonation tests, controlling the percent energy yield of artillery projectiles proved difficult. Adjustments in the variables from these results will improve control of future detonation tests. At CFB Shilo, energetic materials found in soils were associated with targets, and propellants were associated with firing points. The Shilo ranges exhibited relatively low levels of contamination not requiring immediate corrective action. Results of soil partitioning tests demonstrated that pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) and tetryl are degraded in surface and aquifer soils. While adsorption is relatively limited and will not impede transport, degradation may be sufficient to reduce transport of these explosives.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".