Finite Element Study of Belt-Drive Frictional Contact under Harmonic Excitation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Belt-drives that are driven by internal combustion engines, such as automotive accessory drives, are subjected to high-frequency periodic excitation due to engine combustion events. This excitation is propagated from the engine through the crank pulley and the belt to the accessory pulleys and may cause unwanted system behavior, to include 1) excessive creep or gross slip of the belt on one or more pulleys, 2) large belt-span transverse vibrations, 3) and/or large belt-span tension variations. In turn, the excitation may be responsible for premature degradation and failure of the belt or other components of the belt-drive. In this paper, an explicit time integration finite element code is used to study the effect of harmonic excitation on the belt-drive operation of a prototypical two-pulley belt-drive. In particular, the study documents the effect of excitation frequency and magnitude on: the belt tension and friction forces along the contact arc, the extent of belt creep or gross slip on the pulleys, the angular velocity of the driven pulley, and the belt-span tension fluctuations. A previously developed closed-form approximate analytical solution that is valid over a limited range of excitation frequencies and amplitudes is used to validate the finite element solution.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".