Communities apart: Dissenting traditions in nineteenth-century central Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
"Communities Apart: Dissenting Traditions in Nineteenth-Century Central Canada" studies the relationship between five Dissenting Protestant groups--the Quakers, Children of Peace, Disciples of Christ, Millerites and the Holiness Movement Church--and several key political and social transformations in nineteenth-century central Canadian life. It challenges SD Clark's argument that Dissenting "sects" were otherworldly and apolitical, while at the same time revising the more modern Canadian historiographical trend to confine discussions of Protestantism's cultural impact to so-called "mainline" denominations. In the process, it discovers that Dissenting denominations were important participants in the societal dialogue regarding various aspects of central Canadian life. In the first half of the nineteenth century, the Dissenters considered in this thesis challenged the compact between Church and state which was entrenched in the Constitution of 1791, and presented alternatives to the culture of hierarchy and deference, rooted in a common core of democratic, Christian values. These included a strident anti-formalism, in addition to a staunch defense of liberty of conscience, the priesthood of all believers and sola scriptura , or alternatively, a mystical sense of God's active direction in the life of the believer. As the links between church and state were dismantled, a new form of Dissent arose whose focus was more socio-economic than political. Indeed, within this thesis, "New Dissent" constituted a reaction to mainline Methodism's assumption of several of the cultural attributes of an established church in defense of a rising, and later consolidating middle class. Although the context had shifted, Dissenters of the new era continued to base their criticisms of the larger culture and of Methodist elites, in addition to their claims to superior spiritual and hence social authority on democratic Christian notions. Moreover, this thesis explores how certain Dissenting communities were guided by their religious beliefs and experiences to present alternatives to the gender ideologies espoused by the larger culture. It also demonstrates how "mainstream" cultural consensus was profoundly shaped in response to Dissenting alternatives from the 1840s to the 1890s. What emerges is a clearer understanding of the diverse and uniquely Canadian ways in which contentious political, social and religious questions were experienced, imagined and resolved.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.220 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".