Abstract 17925: Physical Exercise Reduces Angiopoietin-like 2 Circulating Levels Only in CAD Patients With Endothelial Dysfunction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Angiopoietin-like 2 (angptl2) is a circulating pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidative protein that induces endothelial dysfunction in mice. Plasma angptl2 levels are increased in diabetic or atherosclerotic patients, while a lifestyle intervention has been shown to decrease angptl2 expression in overweight, but otherwise healthy men. Whether angptl2 levels are sensitive to exercise in CAD patients is unknown. Hypothesis: Exercise training reduces angptl2 levels in patients with CAD and endothelial dysfunction. Methods: Stable and optimally treated CAD patients (n=31, 60±2 y/o, 7 females) were enrolled in a 3-month exercise-based prevention program at the Montreal Heart Institute. Blood samples were collected before and at the end of the study to measure plasma levels of angptl2 (ELISA) and of hs-CRP. Endothelial function was assessed by measuring the ratio of the slope of the nuclear tracer Myoview activity-time in the right to the left arm. A ratio lower than 3.55 is indicative of endothelial dysfunction. Data are mean±SEM. Results: Exercise training was associated with a 11% increase in maximal cardiopulmonary capacity (VO2max; p=0.003). Endothelial function was not affected by exercise (from 3.41±0.25 to 3.58±0.26; p=0.455), but plasma levels of angptl2 were significantly decreased by 32% (from 3.4±0.7 to 2.3±0.4 ng/ml; p=0.020), while hs-CRP levels were unaffected (from 2.2±0.5 to 1.5±0.2 mg/l; p=0.155). Levels of angptl2 (but not of hs-CRP) were negatively correlated with VO2max (p=0.0471, r=0.257): the lower angptl2, the fitter the patient. In addition, levels of angptl2 (but not of hs-CRP) were negatively correlated with endothelial function (p=0.0217, r=0.304): the lower angptl2, the better the endothelial function. Importantly, exercise training was associated with a reduction in angptl2 levels (from 4.3±1.2 to 2.5±0.6 ng/ml; p=0.011, n=18) only among individuals with endothelial dysfunction at baseline, but not in patients with normal endothelial function (from 2.2±0.4 to 1.7±0.4 ng/ml; p=0.350, n=11). Conclusions: In CAD patients with endothelial dysfunction, angptl2 levels are sensitive to exercise training. Low levels of angptl2 may reflect good cardiopulmonary fitness and endothelial function.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".