Apoptosis induced by emodin is associated with alterations of intracellular acidification and reactive oxygen species in EC-109 cellsThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in this special issue entitled “Second International Symposium on Recent Advances in Basic, Clinical, and Social Medicine” and has undergone the Journal's usual peer review process.
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Emodin (1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone), a natural anthraquinone derivative found in several herbal medicines, is highly active in suppressing the proliferation of various tumor cells such as breast, hepatocellular, and lung cancer cells under in vitro conditions. The mechanism of emodin-induced apoptosis in esophagus carcinoma cells, EC-109, is not completely understood. In this study, EC-109 cells treated with emodin underwent rapid apoptosis as judged by morphological changes and flow cytometry analysis. The addition of emodin to EC-109 cells led to the inhibition of growth in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Fluorescence measurements of cells indicated that the intracellular pH (pHi) decreased significantly by 0.47-0.78 units. The results obtained from flow cytometry suggested that bursts of reactive oxygen species took place after the application of emodin. The present study indicates that emodin may be a strong anticancer drug against esophagus cancer cells by causing various early events leading to growth inhibition, including the production of reactive oxygen species and decrease of pHi, which may result in cellular apoptosis.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it