Correlation between pressure gradient and phase saturation for oil‐water flow in smooth‐ and rough‐walled parallel‐plate models
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The present study is aimed at an investigation of the pressure gradient/phase saturation correlation in the flow of an oil‐water mixture through a parallel‐plate (single fracture) model. It was found that the correlation depends on the interaction between the two flowing fluids, or flow pattern, which is in turn governed by the injection method, water flow rate, viscosity ratio, fracture aperture, and fracture surface roughness. Three distinct flow patterns were identified, namely, channel, dispersed, and mixed flows. Measurements of pressure gradient and phase saturation suggest that the widely used Romm's relative permeability relationship is applicable to channel flow in which oil and water phases are continuous in the fracture. For dispersed or mixed flow in which either the oil or water phase is discontinuous, a Lockhart‐Martinelli type correlation developed for gas‐liquid flow in pipes should be valid at low viscosity ratio but not at high viscosity ratio and water flow rate.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".