Impact of Al or Mg substitution on the Thermal Stability of Li[sub 1.05]Mn[sub 1.95−z]M[sub z]O[sub 4] (M=Al or Mg)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Single phase Al or Mg-substituted Li 1.05 Mn 1.95 − z M z O 4 ( M = Al or Mg) ( z = 0 , 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2) samples were synthesized by a two-step solid-state reaction. Electrochemical studies confirmed that Al or Mg substitution reduced the reversible specific capacity of Li 1.05 Mn 1.95 − z M z O 4 . The effects of Al or Mg substitution on the thermal stability of charged Li 1.05 Mn 1.95 − z M z O 4 samples in the presence of a 1 M LiPF 6 ethylene carbonate:diethyl carbonate electrolyte were studied by accelerating rate calorimetry. The results showed that Al or Mg substitution has little effect on improving the thermal stability of Li 1.05 Mn 1.95 − z M z O 4 . This is in contrast to the layered lithium transition-metal oxides (e.g., Li [ Co 1 − z Al z ] O 2 , Li [ Ni 1 − z Al z ] O 2 , Li [ Ni 0.8 Co 0.2 − z Al z ] O 2 , and Li [ Ni 1 / 3 Mn 1 / 3 Co 1 / 3 − z Al z ] O 2 ), where Al substitution significantly lowers the kinetics of the reactions of the charged electrode materials with electrolyte.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".