Molecular nature of voltage‐gated calcium channels: structure and species comparison
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The progression from one to three to 10, and in some instances more, voltage‐gated calcium channels within living organisms during the course of evolution has paralleled the development of complex neuronal and signaling pathway development. Over time, the core structural elements allowing movement of calcium across the cellular membrane in a voltage‐dependent manner have been built upon through the modification of the intra‐ and extracellular regions of the calcium channel protein structure. This has allowed the flow of calcium ions to be coupled to a broad spectrum of signaling and modulatory mechanisms that interact at both the intra‐ and extracellular surfaces. Changes in splice‐variant composition also provide another layer of complexity to the repertoire of possible calcium channels. From next generation sequencing techniques it is becoming clear that much more work remains towards furthering our understanding of the regulation and complexity of splice variation within single channel subtypes. Careful analysis needs to be undertaken within specific target tissues and cell types together with temporal aspects of development and disease pathophysiology in order to confirm that the correct splice‐variant context is considered. Subfamily‐specific calcium channel variations in both vertebrates and invertebrates provide the opportunity to identify both subfamily and organism specific blockers. WIREs Membr Transp Signal 2013, 2:181–206. doi: 10.1002/wmts.91 Conflict of interest: The authors have declared no conflicts of interest for this article. For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website .
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".