Ocular anomalies in a herd of Exmoor ponies in Canada
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To characterize the ocular anomalies, determine their recurrence in families and assess the mode of inheritance of the most prevalent anomalies through pedigree analysis in a herd of Exmoor ponies. ANIMALS STUDIED: Thirty Exmoor ponies residing in south-western Ontario, Canada. PROCEDURES: Ophthalmic examination was performed using direct ophthalmoscopy, slit-lamp biomicroscopy and indirect ophthalmoscopy, pre- and post-pupillary dilation. Following compilation of ocular findings, pedigree analysis was conducted to assess the recurrence pattern of specific anomalies in families and the data were tested for significance for breed prevalence and gender dependence, using Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: Twenty-eight purebred ponies and two cross-breds, ranging from 14 days to 31 years were examined. A prominent brow above the eyes characteristic of this breed was a consistent periocular feature of adult ponies. In nine ponies, eyelid sarcoid, iris nevus, Mittendorf's dot, hyaloid artery remnant, and hyper-reflective vitreal strands were detected while the lesions recorded in the remaining 21 included macroblepharon, persistent pupillary membranes, iris hypoplasia, cataracts, focal choroidal or retinal pigment epithelium hypoplasia and optic nerve head coloboma. The most common ocular finding was cataracts seen mainly in females. Statistical tests on prevalence data confirmed a significant breed and sex association. Pedigree analysis favored a sex-linked mode of inheritance for cataracts in this line of Exmoor ponies. CONCLUSIONS: Although the ocular anomalies detected in this group have been previously reported in other breeds of horses, this is the first report of equine cataracts showing a familial trend suggestive of a sex-linked genetic defect.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it