Canadian RCM Projected Transient Changes to Precipitation Occurrence, Intensity, and Return Level over North America
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract As a consequence of the increase in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations, potential changes in both precipitation occurrence and intensity may lead to several consequences for Earth’s environment. It is therefore relevant to estimate these changes in order to anticipate their consequences. Many studies have been published on precipitation changes based on climate simulations. These studies are almost always based on time slices; precipitation changes are estimated by comparing two 30-yr windows. To this extent, it is commonly assumed that nonstationary processes are not significant for such a 30-yr slice. Thus, it frees the investigator to statistically model nonstationary processes. However, using transient runs instead of time slices surely leads to more accurate analysis since more data are taken into account. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to develop a transient probabilistic model for describing simulated daily precipitation from the Canadian Regional Climate Model (CRCM) in order to investigate precipitation evolution over North America. Changes to both the occurrence and intensity of precipitation are then assessed from a continuous time period. Extreme values are also investigated with the transient run; a new methodology using the models for precipitation occurrence and intensity was developed for achieving nonstationary frequency analysis. The results herein show an increase in both precipitation occurrence and intensity for most parts of Canada while a decrease is expected over Mexico. For the continental United States, a decrease in both occurrence and intensity is expected in summer but an increase is expected in winter.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".