Les heures de travail au Canada et aux Etats Unis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Le present document porte sur le nombre d'heures de travail aux Etats'Unis et au Canada au cours de la periode allant de 1979 a 2000. Nous constatons qu'un ecart s'est creuse durant les annees 80 et s'est accentue considerablement dans les annees 90. Nous examinons la possibilite que cet ecart s'explique par des differences dans l'offre de main-d'oeuvre, plus particulierement par 1) les stimulants resultant de l'inegalite des salaires ou 2) les differences dans la participation au marche du travail des femmes, des jeunes ou des hommes plus ages. Nous constatons que les faits stylises ne nous permettent pas de conclure a une explication fondee sur l'offre. En fait, la croissance economique plus lente au Canada pendant la plus grande partie des annees 1990 (comme le demontre le taux de chomage) semble le mieux expliquer l'elargissement de l'ecart entre les heures travaillees aux Etats-Unis et au Canada, ce qui laisse supposer qu'il faut y chercher une explication du cote de la demande sur le marche du travail.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.016 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".