Bibliographic record
Abstract
Regulation of neutrophil apoptosis has assumed a critical role in inflammation. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of neutrophil concentration on their apoptosis in vitro and ex vivo in horses with experimental intestinal ischemia and reperfusion injury. Neutrophils were isolated from healthy horses randomized to the following treatments: sham celiotomy (CEL, n=4), intestinal ischemia and reperfusion (IR, n=6), intestinal ischemia and reperfusion with gadolinium chloride treatment to deplete pulmonary intravascular macrophages (IRGC, n=6). All horses experienced a significant neutrophilia following surgery without detectable plasma endotoxin concentrations (<0.06 EU/ml). Isolated neutrophils were cultured for 12 or 24 hours at concentrations of 2, 5, or 8 x 10 6 cells/ml and evaluated for the occurrence of apoptosis using Annexin V and propidium iodide staining. Caspase‐3, ‐8, and ‐9 activities were measured in cell lysates before and after treatment. Delayed neutrophil apoptosis was highly correlated (12 h incubation: r = ‐0.75, 24 h incubation: r = ‐0.57) with increasing neutrophil concentration in vitro. Neutrophil apoptosis was significantly delayed ex vivo after treatment, except in IRGC horses (12 h incubation: CEL: P =0.03, IR: P = 0.05;24 h incubation: CEL:P = 0.001, IR: P = 0.004). Caspase‐3, ‐8, and ‐9 activities were reduced in neutrophils isolated after surgery in all groups. The data show that equine neutrophil apoptosis is delayed in vitro and ex vivo via down‐regulation of caspase activity when neutrophils become more concentrated, which could have implications for the development and progression of systemic inflammatory responses.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".