Repeated maternal glucocorticoid treatment affects activity and hippocampal NMDA receptor expression in juvenile guinea pigs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The behavioural consequences of prenatal glucocorticoid exposure are not well understood, though emerging studies in humans indicate hyperactivity and altered cognitive development can occur. Further, recent reports indicate that N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) may mediate the development of postnatal stress behaviours. We hypothesized that prenatal betamethasone (Beta) administration would alter behaviour and the expression of hippocampal NMDAR subunits NR1, NR2A and NR2B in juvenile guinea pig offspring. We found that repeated maternal Beta (1 mg kg(-1)) treatment on gestational days (gd) 40/41, 50/51 and 60/61 (term approximately 70 days) had no significant effect on birthweight or early growth. However, Beta produced sex-specific effects on open-field activity and hippocampal NMDAR subunit expression compared with controls. Female Beta offspring exhibited significantly increased locomotor activity while there was no effect in Beta males. Beta males exhibited a tendency for decreased anxiety-like behaviour. With respect to NMDAR subunit expression, Beta-exposed females exhibited significantly reduced NR1 mRNA in CA1/2 and CA3 subfields of the hippocampus; there were no effects in Beta males. In conclusion, repeated maternal treatment with Beta, in a similar regimen to that administered to pregnant women at risk of delivering preterm, has profound consequences on behaviour and development of crucial neurotransmitter systems in postnatal life.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".