Interaction between silver nanoparticles of 20 nm (AgNP<sub>20</sub>) and human neutrophils: induction of apoptosis and inhibition of <i>de novo</i> protein synthesis by AgNP<sub>20</sub> aggregates
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cytotoxic and proinflammatory properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been reported in few studies but the direct interaction between AgNPs and neutrophils, which play a key role in inflammation, has never been documented. Here, we examined the role of AgNPs with a starting size of 20 nm (AgNP20 ) in human neutrophils. Using dynamic light scattering for the characterization of NPs suspended under identical conditions to those used for in vitro experiments, we found that, at 10 µg ml(-1) , 92% of AgNP20 possess a diameter of 17.1 nm but, at 100 µg ml(-1) , a tri-modal size distribution with large aggregates was observed (> 500 nm). Neutrophil cell size increased when treated with AgNP20 and transmission electronic microscopy experiments revealed that AgNP20 can rapidly interact with the cell membrane, penetrate neutrophils, localize in vacuole-like structures, and be randomly distributed in the cytosol after 24 h. Treatment with 100 µg ml(-1) AgNP20 for 24 h (but not 10 µg ml(-1) ) increased the neutrophil apoptotic rate and inhibited de novo protein synthesis. We conclude that AgNP20 induced apoptosis and can act as potent inhibitors of de novo protein synthesis at 100, but not 10 µg ml(-1) in human neutrophils.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it