Wideband planar Goubau line integrated circuit components at millimetre waves
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study provides the design, fabrication and test results of passive planar Goubau line (PGL) components compatible with active micro-strip circuits, in millimeter(mm)-wave frequency range (40–60 GHz). Such wideband passive components are of interest in designing wideband digital wireless communication equipment. Basic passive components of this study include: two PGLs with conductor strip widths of 50 and 260 µm, respectively, transitions from chosen PGLs to 50 Ω micro-strip circuit, PGL loads and PGL power divider/combiners. Active components such as planar micro-strip circuits can be placed in tandem with passive PGLs using above transitions to design wide band circuits from microwaves to mm waves. PGL is formed by a planar conductor deposited on a standard 0.254 mm (10 mil) planar alumina substrate (ceramic) as opposed to the standard Goubau line made with a circular conductor and a circular dielectric. Passive PGL components are designed, simulated, fabricated and measured with an automatic network analyser (ANA) and test fixture. Simulation and test data support PGL component designs. PGL components operate well over a wide frequency range (from 40 to about 60 GHz). Similar results are expected with PGL at other mm-wave frequencies (below 40 GHz and above 60 GHz) and at terahertz frequencies (above 100 GHz).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".