Bibliographic record
Abstract
This chapter considers tumour-like lesions of the oesophagus. Inflammatory/hyperplastic polyps consist of hyperplastic epithelium and inflamed stroma, typically within the distal oesophagus. Most such lesions are related to reflux disease and are a potent mimic of malignancy histologically. Giant fibrovascular polyps are large pedunculated polyps, consisting of fibromyxoid stroma and adipose tissue, located in the cricopharyngeal area. Although benign, they may rarely cause upper airway obstruction and death. Glycogenic acanthosis refers to plaque-like lesions, often in the lower oesophagus, consisting of hyperplastic squamous epithelium containing abundant glycogen. This may rarely be associated with Cowden's syndrome. Diffuse leiomyomatosis consists of marked thickening of the oesophageal wall, due to diffuse hypertrophy of smooth muscle. A significant number of such cases are associated with Alport's syndrome, whereas other associations include smooth muscle proliferation within the reproductive, respiratory and gastrointestinal systems.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".