Resolving the Architecture of a Complex, Low-Accommodation Unit Using High-Resolution Sequence Stratigraphy and Ichnology
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The early Late Permian Freitag Formation comprises mudrocks, sandstones and thin conglomerates of shallow marine to coastal plain origin, formed along the western margin of the Bowen Basin, Queensland, Australia. The unit is up to 166 m thick in this area, thinning eastward (distally) and southward (laterally) into offshore deposits. The Freitag Formation is considered to be prospective for gas in the northern Denison Trough on the basis of several discoveries in channelized sandstone bodies, the origins and stratigraphic context of which are complex and not fully understood. A re-evaluation of the Freitag Formation, using outcrops, core data, and wireline logs has been completed, and the succession has been subdivided into four unconformity-bounded sequences. The unit, as a whole, can be described as a progradational-retrogradational sequence set, recording a long-term (∼1.5 m.y.) cycle of relative sea-level fall and rise, with shorter-term (?400 k.y.) cycles superimposed on this trend. Depositional facies include non-deltaic, nearshore marine deposits, subaqueous deltaic deposits, and coastal embayment/lagoon deposits. Distinction between these variants is based principally on ichnological criteria. Ichnological signatures throughout much of the formation and in most parts of the study area reflect the overall deltaic aspect of the succession. Key surfaces commonly contain palimpsest trace fossil suites, including many that clearly represent the Glossifungites Ichnofacies. The complex internal architecture is interpreted to be the result of repeated cycles of 10's of meters amplitude relative sea-level fluctuation, possibly related to ice volume fluctuations at the close of the late Paleozoic Gondwanan Ice Age. This revised model for the Freitag Formation suggests that there is an unaddressed potential for gas discoveries in channel sandstones at various levels within the formation.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".