C OST -B ENEFIT OF T RAINED T RANSPORT T EAMS : E STIMATES FOR H EAD-INJURED C HILDREN
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Care during transport influences the outcome of head-injured children. Secondary adverse events, e.g., hypotension and hypoxia, worsen morbidity and mortality. Trained transport teams lower the incidence of such secondary "insults." OBJECTIVE: To estimate the cost-benefit of improved care from trained escorts. METHODS: The setting was a provincial air ambulance service during transition to trained pediatric escort paramedics. A retrospective review of transport and hospital records for a 12-month period was conducted. All children with head injuries (n = 43) transported to tertiary care [11 by untrained escorts (UE), 32 by trained escorts (TE)] were enrolled. Severity of injury was classified by Glasgow Coma Score (GCS); incidence of adverse events was counted and cost of change of severity resulting from preventable insults was estimated using published care costs. RESULTS: There were 13 preventable insults in six patients (55%) in the UE group and five preventable insults in four patients (12%) in the TE group (p<0.05). Among those in the UE group, two changed in severity from moderate to severe, one moderate worsened (decrease in GCS of 2 or more), and two severe worsened. In the TE group, there were no changes >1. Cost-benefit estimates based on change in severity were $136,000 (median) to $238,000 (mean). CONCLUSION: Significant cost-benefit likely accrues from training escorts who transport children with significant head injuries to tertiary care.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".