Using patchy pulsating aurora to remote sense magnetospheric convection
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Five patchy pulsating aurora (PPA) patches have been identified in data obtained from the Gillam Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) all‐sky imager (ASI). We found that azimuthal velocities of five patches derived from THEMIS ASI data were close to the same value as the local convection velocities as obtained from analysis of Super Dual Auroral Radar Network data, consistent with the idea that the patch motion is primarily due to E × B convection. We argue that this means that we can infer 2‐D maps of the time‐evolving convection from time sequences of PPA. Further, given that the E × B convection is understood to be a projection of magnetospheric convection, this means that, provided auroral and viewing conditions cooperate, patch motion can be used for remote sensing magnetospheric convection over across‐extended regions with fairly high time resolution. This is the first detailed demonstration of the equivalence of patch velocities and E × B convection.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".