Phase noise in a back-gate biased low-voltage VCO
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The phase noise in an ultra low-power and low-voltage CMOS voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) has been measured and modelled for supply voltage V/sub DD/ from 1.8 V down to 80 mV with various body bias voltages V/sub BS/. The VCO is a fully integrated ring oscillator designed in a 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. In this design, the frequency can be controlled by V/sub BS/. The effects of scaling V/sub DD/ together with the effect of V/sub BS/ on the phase noise are examined experimentally and theoretically. It has been observed that the phase noise at V/sub DD/ >0.5 V is dominated by the upconverted 1/f noise. But the low frequency noise disappears when V/sub DD/ decreases below 0.5 V. Application of forward body bias voltages from 0 to 0.6 V also provides a practical method to suppress the low frequency noise being upconverted to phase noise.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".