Intraoperative Measurement of the Distance from the Bottom of Osteotomy to the Mandibular Canal Using a Novel Ultrasonic Device
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: In our previous study, we found that a novel ultrasound (US) device may serve as a useful intraoperative tool to measure the distance from osteotomy to the inferior alveolar canal (IAC). PURPOSE: To validate our previous results in a larger group of osteotomies in the posterior mandible. METHODS: During dental implant placement surgery, osteotomies were created using a standardized 2-mm-diameter pilot drill. The distance from the bottom of the osteotome to the IAC was assessed using an ultrasonic device and compared with a standard panoramic radiograph used to measure the same residual distance. The total distance from the crestal bone to the IAC was measured on a preoperative computed tomography (CT) and compared with total US measurements by summing the drill depth with residual depth measurements. RESULTS: Mean radiographic and US residual distances were 5.19 ± 1.95 mm, 5.01 ± 1.82 mm, p = 0.79 respectively. These measurements presented strong positive correlations (r = 0.61, p = .01). Mean total CT distance was 13.48 ± 2.66 mm; mean total US calculation was 13.69 ± 2.51 mm. No significant difference was found (p > .05). CONCLUSIONS: The results support our previous pilot study and confirm that the tested US device identifies the IAC and measures the distance from the osteotomy to the roof of the mandibular canal.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".