Forkhead box P3+ T cells express interleukin-17 in nasal mucosa of patients with both allergic rhinitis and polyposis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The pathogenesis of nasal polyposis remains unclear; it severely affects patients' quality of life and complicates inflammation in adjacent organs such as sinusitis and asthma. Aberrant immune regulatory function in these patients is proposed. The present study aims to examine the regulatory T cells (T(reg) ) in nasal mucosa of patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and nasal polyposis (NP). Patients with AR or AR/NP were treated with inferior turbinectomy for their inferior turbinate hyperplasia. Surgically removed nasal mucosa was collected to examine the T(reg) by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. The results showed that more forkhead box P3 (FoxP3)(+) cells were found in AR with polyps than in those with AR alone. Further studies revealed that these FoxP3(+) T cells from AR/NP group also expressed interleukin (IL)-17. In vitro study showed that staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) induced CD4(+) FoxP3(+) T cells to become FoxP3(+) IL-17(+) cells via facilitating the expression of IL-6, that in synergy with transforming growth factor-beta, induce the expression of IL-17 in FoxP3(+) cells. We conclude that FoxP3(+) IL-17(+) T cells were localized in the nasal mucosa of patients with AR and NP. SEB may play a role in converting FoxP3(+) T(reg) to FoxP3(+) IL-17(+) T cells. The presence of IL-17(+) FoxP3(+) T cells may play a role in the remodelling of the nasal airways in certain people who develop polyps, irrespective of whether or not they are atopic.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".