Bibliographic record
Abstract
On June 25, 1950, army of Communist-dominated Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) invaded Republic of Korea (South Korea). (1) At time there were only 2,000 American and United Nations (UN) personnel in South Korea serving as advisors to overrun South Korean (ROK) army. (2) On June 30, 1950, after UN Security Council had asked UN members to give military support to non-UN member South Korea, President Harry S. Truman authorized General Douglas D. MacArthur to use American troops from Japan. (3) When he served only as supreme commander of Allied powers in occupied Japan, MacArthur had no military responsibility for South Korea. On July 7, after UN Security Council directed establishment of a unified Korean command, Truman designated MacArthur as commander-in-chief of all UN forces in South Korea. (4) MacArthur began formulating desperate plans to reorganize and rally defeated ROK army and to salvage time necessary to bring more troops to Korea from Japan. (5) Most of UN forces during Korean War (1950-53) were provided by United States, but twenty other UN countries eventually supplied ground troops, naval forces, air support, or medical aid. (6) By end of August 1950 MacArthur's forces had been reinforced, had regrouped, and had strategically retreated to form a stable defense line with their backs to sea at Pusan, southern end of Korean peninsula. (7) BASEBALL DIVERSION? With this military scenario as a backdrop, I pose this baseball research question: did history's first interhemisphere baseball series play a diversionary role in most decisive battle of Korean War? To help answer this question I have consulted several personal resources. I have talked with two pitchers, Leo Hatley and Dee Sanders, and a shortstop, Guy Wallace, who played for Fort Wayne, Indiana Capeharts, United States's semipro baseball champions of 1947-50. (8) By winning National Baseball Congress's (NBC) annual tournament in Wichita, Kansas, Capeharts earned an all-expense-paid trip to Japan to play Japanese nonprofessional champion. (9) I also have tape-recorded recollections of another Fort Wayne pitcher, John Brechin, now deceased. (10) I have corresponded with a former baseball official, Charles W. Cookie Cookson, who accompanied Capeharts to Japan. (11) He was most valued assistant of colorful Ray Dumont, founder and sole owner of NBC and its annual national championship semipro baseball tournament, a very profitable venture. (12) Since he disliked air travel, Dumont did not accompany Capehart team to Japan. (13) Cookson later became a distinguished journalist and founder of monthly oil industry magazine American Oil & Gas Reporter. I have also been in contact with Yoichi Nagata, a Society for American Baseball Research member living in Japan, who provided me copies of English-language newspaper articles from Osaka, Japan, printed at time of series. (14) Nagata also has assisted in locating two living players, brothers Hirotoshi and Yoshitaka Yamaura, who played for Japanese champion All-Kanebo team from Osaka. JAPANESE TOURNAMENT Most of players on Japanese champion AIl-Kanebo team were from university teams. (15) Prior to World War II several Japanese university baseball teams distinguished themselves in tours of Orient and United States. In August 1950 thousands of nonprofessional teams competed in district tournaments throughout Japan. The nineteen district winners then competed in twenty-first Mainichi Inter-City Tournament held in Tokyo. The first such tournament was held in 1927, and no tournament was held during war years, 1943-45. (16) Japanese newspapers touted planned series between their Japanese champion and American team as the greatest baseball event ever held in Japan. …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".