Bibliographic record
Abstract
A 120 MHz fractional-N frequency synthesizer was implemented in a standard 0.18mum CMOS process with an on-chip multiphase voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO). The proposed architecture uses multiphase outputs of the VCO to decrease quantization noise from the sigma-delta (SigmaDelta) modulator. Results show the decrease in quantization noise from the 4th order SigmaDelta is 6dB for every two fold increase in the number of phases. The VCO phase noise was measured to be -104 dBc/Hz at 200 kHz offset. The loop bandwidth can be increased to 700 kHz and still maintain in-band quantization noise below -200 dBc/Hz. The power consumption of the synthesizer is 5.4 mW with a 1.8 V supply and it occupies an active area of 750 mum times 550 mum. The intended application is subharmonic injection higher frequency VCO and as a clock generator in a subsampling analog-to-digital converter (ADC)
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".