Extraordinary Rendition: A Challenge to Canadian and United States Legal Obligations Under the Convention Against Torture
Bibliographic record
Abstract
EXTRAORDINARY RENDITIONparties to the CAT need to identify and implement effective measures to protect individuals in their custody from torture. 6 These countries must also respect international obligations to refrain from torture or extraordinary rendition to a country where torture is likely to occur.Maher Arar, a Canadian citizen, was the subject of a highly publicized case of extraordinary rendition and a Commission of Inquiry. 8 The Arar Commission concluded that Canadian intelligence officials provided questionable information to their U.S. counterparts, which led to Arar's rendition to Syria following a routine stopover in the United States. 9 The Arar case highlights the concern that certain countries are failing to comply with their domestic and international obligations not to participate in extraordinary rendition.The Iacobucci report, which reviewed Canada's role in the extraordinary rendition of several Canadians, also highlighted these violations. 10This report found that the sharing of flawed intelligence with the United States had contributed indirectly to the Canadians' plight.l"
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".