Friction Stir Spot Welding of Aluminum and Magnesium Alloy Sheets
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper demonstrates the application of a displacement controlled friction stir spot welding machine in joining 1.5 mm sheets of Al 5754 aluminum and AM60 base materials. Higher fracture loads during overlap shear testing were produced when the projected bonded area immediately adjacent to the keyhole periphery and the energy input during FSW spot welding increased. Partial pull-out of the stir zone occurred in high energy input FSW spot welds with fracture initiating from unbonded regions located on either side of the welded joint. FSW welding tools contaminated with magnesium had a markedly detrimental effect on the mechanical properties of Al 5754 spot welds. Mg-contamination decreased the energy input and the dimensions of the projected bonded area, and produced regions immediately adjacent to the keyhole periphery in Al 5754 spot welds, which contained brittle intermingled lamellae.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".