Robot Arm-Child Interactions: A Novel Application Using Bio-Inspired Motion Control
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Robot arms were originally designed in the 1960s for intended use in a wide variety of industrial and automation tasks such as fastening (e.g., welding and riveting), painting, grinding, assembly, palleting and object manipulation). In these tasks humans were not required to directly interact or cooperate with robot arms in any way. Robots, thus, did not require sophisticated means to perceive their environment as they interacted within it. As a result, machine type motions (e.g., fast, abrupt, rigid) were suitable with little consideration made of how these motions affect the environment or the users. The application fields of robot arms are now extended well beyond their traditional industrial use. These fields include physical interactions with humans (e.g., robot toys) and even emotional support (e.g., medical and elderly services). In this chapter we begin by presenting a novel motion control approach to robotic design that was inspired by studies from the animal world. This approach combines the robot‟s manipulability aspects with its motion (e.g., in case of mobile robots such as humanoids or traditional mobile manipulators) to enable robots to physically interact with their users while adapting to changing conditions triggered by the user or the environment. These theoretical developments are then tested in robot-child interaction activities, which is the main focus of this chapter. Specifically, the children‟s relationships (e.g., friendship) with a robotic arm are studied. The chapter concludes with speculation about future use and application of robot arms while examining the needs for improved human-robot interactions in a social setting including physical and emotional interaction caused by human and robot motions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".