Sum and difference frequency mixing in semiconductor heterostructures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sum-frequency mixing in a nonlinear waveguide using counter-propagating light beams was first demonstrated more than a decade ago. The subsequent development of quasi-phase matching (QPM) techniques in Al/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As heterostructure waveguides has improved the conversion efficiencies such that a variety of applications based on second-harmonic (SH) generation are now feasible. Difference-frequency mixing in an Al/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As waveguides can also be used to generate tunable CW microwave radiation. The optimization of devices based on QPM SH generation requires the capability to spatially modulate the second-order nonlinearity /spl chi//sup (2)/. Within the Al/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As material system, a number of approaches to controlling /spl chi//sup (2)/ have been explored. The simplest approach is to vary the concentration. Once appropriate materials have been found, the geometry of the heterostructure must be designed to optimize device operation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".