Transient right internal thoracic arterial graft kink related to respiratory movements: Documentation of its existence, relevance and proposed management
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this case report, we provide the first detailed description of an intermittent mechanical kink of a right internal thoracic artery (ITA) graft to the left anterior descending coronary artery secondary to respiratory movements, and its assessment by pressure wire derived fractional flow reserve (FFR). The patient presented with recurrent unstable angina and documented anterior/anterolateral ischemia. Persistent symptoms were attributed to the ITA kink and stenting was planned on clinical grounds. However, the lesion proved not physiologically significant when FFR was assessed after intermittency related to respiratory movements was documented. Complex stenting was therefore avoided and medical therapy was prescribed for distal diagonal disease. We therefore propose that intermittency should be actively investigated when a kink is documented in a coronary bypass graft by conventional angiography (using dedicated angiographic evaluation in maximal inspiration and expiration). Furthermore, when this type of lesion is encountered, we suggest that it should be assessed physiologically using pressure wire derived FFR before potentially complex interventions are considered.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".