Epidemiological characteristics and outcome in elderly patients sustaining non‐simultaneous bilateral hip fracture: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed to quantitatively and comprehensively conclude the epidemiological characteristics and outcome in elderly patients with non-simultaneous bilateral hip fractures. METHODS: A search was applied to Medline, Embase and Cochrane central database (all up to February 2014). All the studies on non-simultaneous bilateral hip fractures in elderly patients without language restriction were reviewed, and qualities of included studies were assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. All the data were carefully and independently abstracted by two reviewers, any disagreement was settled by discussion. Data were pooled and a meta-analysis completed. RESULTS: A total of 23 studies (all were observational) including 2168 cases with bilateral hip fractures were identified, showing an accumulated incidence of 8.54%, and of them 71.4% were symmetrical. A total of 70.4% of cases occurred in the first 3 years, especially 36.3% in the first year. Results of meta-analyses showed that patients of female sex (odds ratio [OR] 1.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10-1.99), advanced age (standardized mean difference 0.25, 95% CI 0.15-0.36), initial trochanteric fractures (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.01-1.32) and osteoporosis (Singh Index 1-3) (OR 10.02, 95% CI 5.41-18.57) were more likely to sustain a second contralateral hip fracture. CONCLUSIONS: Non-simultaneous bilateral hip fracture accounts for a high proportion of hip fractures, and most of the second hip fractures occurred in the first 3 years. Patients of female sex, having initial trochanteric fractures, of more advanced age and having osteoporosis are more likely to sustain a second contralateral hip fracture, and risk-reduction strategies should be implemented.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.011 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it