On the spatial structure and temporal variability of poleward transport between Scotland and Greenland
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The flow north of warm subtropical water though the northeastern Atlantic is known to have many pathways that vary over time. Here we use a combination of upper ocean current measurements between Greenland and Scotland near 60°N and satellite altimetry to examine the space‐time variability of poleward transport. The high‐resolution scans of currents in the top 400 m show that the Reykjanes Ridge serves as a very effective separator of flow toward the Nordic and Labrador Seas, respectively. Whereas the Labrador Sea branch exhibits two mean flows to the north on the western slope of the Reykjanes Ridge, the eastern branch flows north in roughly equal amounts over the deep Maury channel and east of Hatton Bank including the Slope Current. There is also a well‐defined southward flow along the eastern slope of the Reykjanes Ridge. The satellite altimetric sea surface height (SSH) data show good overall agreement with geostrophically determined ‐level difference from the repeat ADCP sections (1999–2002), but are unable to resolve the fine structure of the topographically defined mean circulation. The altimetric data show that variations in poleward flow west and east of the Reykjanes Ridge are strongly anticorrelated. They further reveal that the two eastern subbranches also exhibit anticorrelated variability, but offset in time with respect to the Labrador Sea branch. Remarkably, all these variations cancel out for the entire Greenland‐Scotland section leaving a gradual decrease in sea‐level difference of about 0.06 m over the 1993 to the end of 2010 observation period.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".