The origins of late nineteenth-century migrant diamond miners uncovered in a salvage excavation in Kimberley, South Africa
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The metric analysis of phenotypic variation observed in human \nskeletons is valuable for the determination of biological relatedness or \nancestry, particularly when testing specific hypotheses concerning the \npossible ancestry of individuals from unmarked graves. The purpose of \nthis paper is to determine the possible ancestry of unknown individuals \nexcavated from an area next to the fenced Gladstone Cemetery in \nKimberley, South Africa, using cranio-morphometry. The skeletons are \nthought to be those of migrant diamond mine labourers who died \nbetween 1897 and 1900. Two historical statements will be tested: \nfirstly that black labourers came to work in Kimberley from various \nregions in Africa south of the equator and secondly that the local \nKhoe-San people did not participate in significant numbers as mine \nworkers. Standard craniometric measurements were taken from \n59 well-preserved male crania. These measurements were compared to \ncraniometric data of eight modern and archaeological groups of males \nof known origin from Africa and Asia. Descriptive as well as \nunivariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed using \nSPSS. Eleven craniometric variables were selected for analysis. \nResults obtained are in accord with the historical documents stating \nthat the majority of labourers at the Kimberley mines were migrant \nworkers and that the local communities (including Khoe-San) did not \ncontribute much to the workforce. Many of the labourers came from \nelsewhere in southern Africa (e.g. KwaZulu-Natal), but some may \nhave originated from further afield. The heterogeneous nature of the \nsample reflects the varied origins of workers in Kimberley as well as \nsome possible genetic admixture. This study reiterates the value of \ncraniometric analyses as a tool to determine the probability of ancestry \nof unknown individuals when viewed in the light of contextual historical \ninformation.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it