"Legal Gentlemen Appointed by the Federal Government": the Canadian State, the Citizens' Committee of 1000, and Winnipeg's Seditious Conspiracy Trials of 1919-1920
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the fall and winter of 1919-1920, in response to vigorous lobbying by A.J. Andrews and others on behalf of the Citizens’ Committee of 1000, the Canadian state, through Orders in Council in 1919 and 1920, became the paymaster for a private prosecution of the Winnipeg strike leadership charged at the end of the strike with seditious conspiracy. The prosecution was initiated under provisions of the Criminal Code that allowed for prosecutions by private citizens or organizations, subject to the consent of the Attorney General of Manitoba. The federal government paid Alfred J. Andrews and his associates in the Citizens’ Committee fees for services rendered during the strike, when, as leading figures in the Committee, they led the campaign against Winnipeg’s working-class revolt. The Department of Justice also paid $12,332.00 to the Winnipeg based McDonald Detective Agency for work associated with the prosecution. This federal largesse allowed Andrews to secure two juries almost certainly tainted by pre-trial investigations ordered by Andrews. The unity of purpose forged by Winnipeg’s business elite and the federal state illuminates the tendency of the liberal state and capital to forge a common front against perceived threats to the status quo in moments of extremis . Resume A automne et l’hiver de 1919 a 1920, en reponse a la pression politique vigoureuse de A.J. Andrews et d’autres personnes mandatees par le Comite des citoyens de 1000, l’Etat canadien devint financierement responsable par des arretes en conseil de la poursuite judiciaire privee contre les principaux grevistes de Winnipeg qui etaient inculpes de complot seditieux a la fin de la greve. La poursuite judiciaire avait ete entamee selon les dispositions du Code criminel qui permettait les poursuites par les citoyens ou les organismes prives, a la condition de recevoir l’approbation procureur general du Manitoba. Le gouvernement federal avait paye des honoraires a Alfred J. Andrews et ses associes du Comite des citoyens pour les services rendus durant la greve, meme si en tant que membres constituants du Comite, ils avaient dirige la campagne contre la revolte de la classe ouvriere de Winnipeg. Le ministere de la Justice avait aussi paye 12 332 $ a l’agence d’investigation McDonald basee a Winnipeg pour le travail lie a la poursuite judiciaire. Cet appui du federal avait permis a Andrews d’obtenir deux jurys presque certainement contamines par les enquetes commandees par Andrews avant le proces. L’objectif commun etabli par l’elite commerciale de Winnipeg et le gouvernement federal met en lumiere la tendance de l’Etat liberal et du Capital de forger un front commun contre les menaces au statu quo percues dans des moments de crise sociale.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".