Homogeneous nucleation rates for D2O in a supersonic Laval nozzle
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
We measured the homogeneous nucleation rates of D2O in a supersonic nozzle. Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiments characterized the nanodroplet aerosols and yielded the number density N of particles formed. In these new SANS measurements the number densities were in the range of 4×1011<N/cm−3<2×1012. We then determined the characteristic time interval corresponding to the peak nucleation rate ΔtJmax from conventional pressure profile measurements in the nozzle. The sensitive time is typically (11±3) μs. Combining these two pieces of information we obtained the nucleation rate J=NNZ/ΔtJmax, where NNZ is the number density of the aerosol in the nucleation zone. In this nozzle, the peak nucleation rate ranges between 6×1016 and 1.2×1017 cm−3 s−1 and is quite insensitive to the initial conditions of the expansion.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it