Trois observateurs de la condition indienne aux États-Unis durant la première moitié du XIXe siècle : Tocqueville, Beaumont et Gallatin
Bibliographic record
Abstract
« La race des hommes rouges d’Amérique est devenue petite ; la race blanche est devenue grande et renommée » disait un chef Chéroki en 1831. Pourquoi ? Épidémies ? Retard technologique ? Puissance de l’envahisseur dont la population s’accroît par un facteur de 8 à 16 par siècle. Résistance impossible ? Réponse d’Adam Smith : le choc de l’âge de la chasse de l’enfance de l’humanité avec la civilisation l’âge adulte du commerce. Le Sauvage ne peut que disparaître. Pour Tocqueville cela est exact et inévitable. Pour Beaumont, voilà une tragédie qu’il faut comprendre de l’intérieur. Pour Gallatin, il faut agir, créer un État indien sur les rives du Pacifique et assurer d’urgence le passage à l’agriculture masculine et à la propriété privée. Les Indiens se fusionneront alors dans la république.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".