Enteropathogen‐induced toxicity of gut‐microbiota in <i>C. elegans</i> : a new model to investigate mechanisms of post‐infectious intestinal disorders (145.7)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Giardia leads to Irritable Bowel Syndrome via obscure mechanisms. We hypothesized that this may due in part to Giardia ‐induced changes in microbiota. Using C. elegans as a model, we found that Giardia and commensal E. coli ( E. coli HB101) synergistically paralyze and kill C. elegans , while Giardia or bacteria alone did not. Giardia also induced lethal paralysis when co‐incubated with attenuated C. rodentium (ESPF and MAP mutants), with gut mucosal microbiota from healthy human donors, or with mucosal microbiota from inflamed UC (ulcerative colitis) sites, but not with microbiota from non‐inflamed UC sites. The killing effect of Giardia required direct contact of live E. coli with C. elegans . Upon exposure to Giardia and/or C. elegans , E. coli HB101 exhibited distinct genome‐wide expression patterns. A total of 180 genes, including genes for flagella biosynthesis (FliP, FliL), biofilm formation (BssR, BssS), and hydrogen sulfide biosynthesis (CysJ, CysI, CysD, CysN, CysH, CysC), were differentially expressed (>2 fold). Expression data suggests decreased biofilm formation and increased anti‐stress response in E. coli upon exposure to C. elegans , and decreased sulfate reduction upon exposure to Giardia or Giardia and C. elegans . Deletion of the Cysteine B gene (positive regulator of the hydrogen sulfide biosynthesis genes) in E. coli was sufficient to induce lethal paralysis in C. elegans . In conclusion, Giardia alters gut‐microbiota homeostasis by modulating expression of genes in commensal bacteria. Grant Funding Source : NSERC
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".