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Record W1553431299

George Davis Bailey First Executive Partner of Touche, Niven, Bailey, and Smart (a Predecessor Firm to Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu)

2010· article· en· W1553431299 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
Michael M. Grayson

Bibliographic record

VenueAcademy of Accounting and Financial Studies journal · 2010
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldBusiness, Management and Accounting
TopicAuditing, Earnings Management, Governance
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsGeorge (robot)BachelorManagementLawHistorySociologyPolitical scienceArt historyEconomics
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

ABSTRACT George D. Bailey was a practitioner who was active in the profession. He founded one of the three firms which merged, and which, with additional mergers, would become Touche Ross & Co., a predecessor firm to Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu. He served on many professional committees, including the Committee on Accounting Procedure, and was president for a year of the American Institute of Accountants (now the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants). Some of the issues he dealt with are still the subject of discussion today within the accounting profession. BIOGRAPHICAL DATA George D. Bailey was born in Sioux City, Iowa on June 6, 1 890 to Henry Moore Bailey and Mary Louise Davis Bailey. (Accounting Hall of Fame; Burns and Coffman, 1 976) His family were originally from New England, his father having attended the Sheffield Scientific School at Yale, and his mother Mt. Holyoke College. (The History Factory) He graduated from Sioux City High School in 1908. (Accounting Hall of Fame) He entered the University of Wisconsin intending to study engineering, but changed to accounting. (The History Factory) In 19 12, he graduated with a bachelor's degree from the University of Wisconsin, and joined Ernst & Ernst in Cleveland. He became a partner in 1916 and moved to Detroit. He also married in 1916. (Accounting Hall of Fame) In 1917 he first became a CPA, in Wisconsin. (Accounting Hall of Fame) In 1 922 he became the managing partner of the Detroit office of Ernst & Ernst. (The History Factory) In 1947, while he was one of the senior partners of Ernst & Ernst and still in charge of the Detroit office (Carey 1970, p. 65), he left the firm, taking the Chrysler audit and other work with him, one Ernst partner, and eleven staff people, and started his own firm, George Bailey & Company. (Accounting Hall of Fame, Deloitte & Touche, and The History Factory) However, he did not have sufficient staff to do the work (The History Factory), so on September 1 ofthat same year he combined with two other firms (Touche, Niven & Co., founded in 1900, and Allen R. Smart & Co., founded in 1927) to form Touche, Niven, Bailey & Smart, serving as chairman of the first management committee of three senior partners. (The History Factory) The combined firm had ten offices in ten cities, with thirty-three partners. (The History Factory) He was an executive partner of the firm until his retirement in 1957. (Accounting Hall of Fame) The firm forged ties with the Canadian firm of Ross, Touche and the British firm of George A. Touche. In 1960, the firm was renamed Touche, Ross, Bailey & Smart. On September 1, 1969, the name was simplified to Touche Ross & Co. (Deloitte & Touche and The History Factory) The firm is now part of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu. LIFE SUMMARY BY OTHERS George Bailey was chairman for two years of the nominating committee for the Accounting Hall of Fame (Journal of Accountancy, March 1958, p. 8). He was elected posthumously to membership in 1968. According to a biographical sketch obtained from the Accounting Hall of Fame, He was active in numerous government, civic, and community organizations, particularly with the affairs of Michigan and the city of Detroit. He worked extensively with the federal government, largely as an unpaid advisor and consultant. Early in World War II, he participated in the formation of accounting and tax decisions in the War Department. He was consultant to the Office of Contract Settlement ( 1 944-45), the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (1 95556, during its study of consumer credit regulations), and the Statistical Division of the United Nations Secretariat (1958-59). He was president, Michigan Council for Tax Research; trustee, citizens* Research Council of Michigan, and in Detroit he was president, United Community Services (1946-48); director, Board of Commerce (1945-58); and trustee, Grace Hospital, and Visiting Nurse Association. …

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.008
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.461
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.008
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.001
Open science0.0000.001
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.016
GPT teacher head0.252
Teacher spread0.236 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations1
Published2010
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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