Traditional market institutions and complex change: Exploring transition and change in the Bangladesh rice market
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study explores the hitherto unaddressed question of how the large, complex paddy‐rice market in Bangladesh is able to solve the problem of complex exchange, faced in particular by the dominant actors in the market who face the most complex trading risks. It adopts a New Institutional Economics (NIE) framework to explore agency issues in exchange resolved by intermediaries, and points to norms and trusts within trading networks that underpin these. The study notes significant but opposing trends in different areas, particularly in terms of market structure and trade circuits. \n A major focus of this paper is to explore changes in the paddy‐rice market operation dynamics over a twenty year period in terms of structure, trade circuits, actors, roles, institutions and exchange relations. It also presents an opportunity to assess whether the nature of complex exchange and its institutional resolution has altered over time. In terms of exchange relations, a sharp decline in tied transactions was found, making exchange less personalised compared to twenty years ago.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".