FRP hot stick flashovers during EHV live line work
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In 1997 a FRP hot stick flashed over during live line work at 550 kVac. A rigorous maintenance program was instituted and all FRP hot sticks used in live line work must now withstand an annual dielectric test at 105 kVdc per 305 mm with the surface wet consistent with IEEE Std 978. More frequent electrical tests are made using a hand held tester and limits have been set for the hydrophobicity of the surface. In spite of these measures a second flashover a FRP hot stick occurred during live line work at 550 kVac in 2002. Both flashovers occurred during work from the tower on "v" suspension insulators, the first at a temperature near the freezing point and the second at a temperature well below freezing. In both cases the wind was blowing from the conductor to the worker. Our investigation is trying to establish an adequate explanation for these events as well as corrective measures. The work to date is summarized in this paper. Industry standards for limits of approach are based on the switching surge withstand of air gaps and should not be equated to the minimum safe leakage distance of FRP hot sticks.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".