Democratizing the Institutions of Policy-making: Democratic Consultation and Participatory Administration
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Guided by the egalitarian principles of "participatory deliberative democracy," this essay argues that working through the crux of the democratic challenge requires strong political leadership that is committed to opening up and democratizing policy formation within the executive branch of government. Our focus should be on democratizing those aspects of public administration that facilitate societal input into public policy-making, including, in particular, a renewed (and transformed) commitment to processes of democratic public consultation. Recognizing the challenges associated with marrying deliberative democracy with the institutions of liberal representative government, this essay reviews several recent examples of public consultation, and then concludes with a set of principles that navigates a line between advocating radical democratic reforms rooted in egalitarian democratic principles, and calling for the pragmatic extension of best practices in terms of current consultative processes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.037 | 0.045 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.017 | 0.098 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.021 | 0.018 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.012 |
| Research integrity | 0.010 | 0.010 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".