Influence of ceramic shades on surface hardness of different resin cements.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJETIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different ceramic spacer shades on the Knoop hardness (KH) of dual-cure resin cements (RelyX ARC RLX, 3M ESPE; Variolink II VLK, Ivoclar Vivadent) cured for 20 seconds with an LED light-curing unit. MATERIALS: Eight groups (n equals 15) were tested as follows: RelyX Control (light-cured without ceramic spacer); RelyX-2M2 ceramic spacer; RelyX-5M3 ceramic spacer; RelyX self-cured. Similar conditions were used with Variolink II cement. A microhardness tester was used to measure the KH values. Specimens were subjected to five 50 g/15 s indentations following curing at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 24, 168, and 336 hours in order to determine the point at which the cements reach the maximum KH values. RESULTS: Control groups exhibited significantly higher KH values than the other groups (P less than 0.001) at 0 h following light curing. The KH values for RelyX-2M2 were not significantly different than the control group (P greater than 0.05) after 336 hours. All groups tested with 5M3 spacers had KH values that were not significantly different from the groups with self-cure mode, P greater than 0.05. The KH values for RelyX self-cure cement were significantly higher than Variolink II self-cure, P equals 0.003. RelyX-2M2 had KH values that were not significantly different from that of Variolink-2M2, P greater than 0.05. CONCLUSIONS: Ceramic spacer shades have tremendous effect on the KH values of RelyX and Variolink II. Darker ceramic shades (5M3 spacers) interfere with the absorption of light by the cements tested. In addition, the chemical portion in the self-cured mode is not sufficient to achieve optimum microhardness.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".