Observations of double‐peaked <i>E</i> region coherent spectra with the CUTLASS Finland HF radar
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cooperative UK Twin Located Auroral Sounding System Finland HF radar observations of E region coherent spectra are presented for several events. The Burg spectrum method is applied to study microstructure of the spectra. It is discovered that many spectra are two‐peaked, and quite often there is a systematic pattern in their occurrence; the double‐peak echoes are typically observed at intermediate and far ranges of the E region echo band and at ranges farther than the power maximum in the range profile. The typical separation between the peaks is about 150 m/s and hardly changes with the azimuth of observations. Velocities of two components in a double‐peak spectrum are typically larger and smaller than the velocity of the unresolved spectrum and single‐peaked velocity of echoes at shorter ranges. It is hypothesized that the two components of the echoes occur because of signal reception from the top and bottom of the electrojet layer.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it