Microwave remote sensing of soil moisture in southern Ontario: Aircraft and satellite measurements at 19 and 37 GHz
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aircraft microwave radiometer measurements at 19 and 37 GHz were made over a 40 km 2 agricultural area in southern Ontario on 16 and 23 May 2001 when the average soil moisture in the area was 28 and 40%, respectively. SSM/I satellite data and ground‐based measurements of soil moisture were collected over the period 2 May to 25 July 2001. The emissivity of a water body (Lake Huron) calculated from the aircraft and satellite microwave radiometer measurements agreed with model calculations to within 0.02, except for the aircraft 37 GHz V channel. The 19 GHz emissivity measured by the SSM/I was higher than coincident aircraft measurements by 0.02 in moister soil conditions and 0.04 in drier conditions. Vegetation height increased from a maximum of 40 cm in hay fields in May to up to 200 cm in corn fields in July. There was a statistically significant relationship between soil moisture and 19 GHz H data for aircraft and SSM/I measurements in May. However, the standard error in the soil moisture estimate was 7%. Soil moisture seemed to have very little influence on 19 and 37 GHz emission during June and July. When the mean monthly emissivity for the May to July period was calculated from the SSM/I data, there was found to be no significant variation from month to month.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it