Three-Dimensional Modeling of Void Growth in Friction Stir Welding of Stainless Steel
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The growth of internal voids in the process of friction stir welding of stainless steel was simulated using a damage model that considers both strain hardening and porosity evolution. In the void growth equations, the mean stress (hydrostatic stress) was scaled by the state variable for plastic flow resistance, i. e. strength. The damage model was coupled with the viscoplastic deformation and thermal processes using a steady‐state Eulerian formulation in a finite element scheme. The porosity and strength were calculated by integration of the evolution equations along streamlines of the flow field. The distributions of microvoids as well as the strength within the material were obtained. These distributions were used to model the effects of operational parameters such as the tool rotational and translational speeds as well as the pin threads on the growth of porosity.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it